基于UWB的無人機自主導航系統設計
2023年電子技術應用第5期
田祥瑞1,羅欣1,賈茚鈞1,尹婕1,陳健軍2
(1.南京航空航天大學 自動化學院,江蘇 南京 210016;2.中國電子科學研究院,北京 100041)
摘要: 針對衛星拒止環境下的無人機導航,提出一種基于超寬帶(Ultra Wide-Band,UWB)技術的局部定位系統,實現無人機定位與導航。首先利用UWB技術實現測距,進而解算無人機在局部坐標系下的三維坐標,然后基于擴展卡爾曼濾波(EKF)融合多傳感器數據以提高無人機的定位精度?;陂_源飛控Pixhawk搭建了無人機飛行驗證平臺,將UWB定位系統數據與飛控傳感器數據融合,對無人機在局部坐標系下的自主飛行進行了仿真。最后通過實驗驗證了基于UWB的多傳感器數據融合導航在無人機自主導航控制上的可行性,實現了無人機在地面平臺上的自主起降、對地目標伴飛等飛行導航任務。
中圖分類號:TN964.1
文獻標志碼:A
DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.223240
中文引用格式: 田祥瑞,羅欣,賈茚鈞,等. 基于UWB的無人機自主導航系統設計[J]. 電子技術應用,2023,49(5):129-134.
英文引用格式: Tian Xiangrui,Luo Xin,Jia Yinjun,et al. Autonomous navigation system design for UAV based on UWB[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2023,49(5):129-134.
文獻標志碼:A
DOI: 10.16157/j.issn.0258-7998.223240
中文引用格式: 田祥瑞,羅欣,賈茚鈞,等. 基于UWB的無人機自主導航系統設計[J]. 電子技術應用,2023,49(5):129-134.
英文引用格式: Tian Xiangrui,Luo Xin,Jia Yinjun,et al. Autonomous navigation system design for UAV based on UWB[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2023,49(5):129-134.
Autonomous navigation system design for UAV based on UWB
Tian Xiangrui1,Luo Xin1,Jia Yinjun1,Yin Jie1,Chen Jianjun2
(1.School of Automation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China; 2.China Academy of Electronic Sciences, Beijing 100041, China)
Abstract: A local positioning system based on ultra-wide band (UWB) technology is proposed to realize unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) navigation in the environment of satellite denial. Firstly, the UWB technology is used to realize the ranging, and then the three-dimensional coordinates of the UAV in the local coordinate system are solved. Then the multi-sensor data are fused based on extended Kalman filter (EKF) to improve the positioning accuracy of the UAV. Based on the open source flight control Pixhawk, the UAV flight verification platform is built, and the UWB positioning system data is fused with the flight control sensor data to simulate the autonomous flight of UAV in the local coordinate system. Finally, through experiments, the feasibility of multi-sensor data fusion navigation based on UWB in the autonomous navigation control of UAV is verified, and the flight navigation tasks of UAV such as autonomous take-off and landing on the ground platform and flying with ground targets are realized.
Key words : UAV;ultra-wide band;EKF;navigation and positioning;flight control
0 引言
隨著無人機技術的不斷發展,無人機可實現的應用功能愈發強勁與廣泛,眾多行業開始涉足無人機領域,無人機的飛行任務呈現出多樣化、復雜化的趨勢。作為無人機執行各項任務的基礎,無人機導航定位系統的精確性與魯棒性是任務完成質量的重要保障。目前無人機導航多采用基于衛星定位的全球定位系統,然而在城市高樓遮擋、室內環境、戰時環境時變性和動態性的影響下,衛星信號并不能實時滿足導航需求,此時無人機只能依靠機載傳感器或協同設備進行場景感知,并基于得到的數據進行導航定位。
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作者信息:
田祥瑞1,羅欣1,賈茚鈞1,尹婕1,陳健軍2
(1.南京航空航天大學 自動化學院,江蘇 南京 210016;2.中國電子科學研究院,北京 100041)
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